MultiChain

Installing MultiChain on Linux

su (enter root password)
cd /tmp
wget https://www.multichain.com/download/multichain-1.0.5.tar.gz
tar -xvzf multichain-1.0.5.tar.gz
cd multichain-1.0.5
mv multichaind multichain-cli multichain-util /usr/local/bin (to make easily accessible on the command line) exit (to return to your regular user)

We need two servers with multichain installed on them.
Try Amazon EC2.
After installing multichain and initializing the blockchain, make sure you modify the Network and security settings port numbers to allow the two nodes to communicate with each other.

1. Creating a blockchain

First we will create a new blockchain named chain1. On the first server, run this command:

multichain-util create chain1

View the blockchain’s default settings:

cat ~/.multichain/chain1/params.dat

Initialize the blockchain, including creating the genesis block:

multichaind chain1 -daemon

2. Connecting to a blockchain

Now we’ll connect to this blockchain from elsewhere. On the second server, run the following:

multichaind multichaind chain1@172.31.29.15:6461

You should be told that the blockchain was successfully initialized, but you do not have permission to connect. You should also be shown a message containing an address in this node’s wallet.

Back on the first server, add connection permissions for this address:

multichain-cli chain1 grant 15ZLxwAQU4XFrLVs2hwQz1NXW9DmudRMcyx2ZV connect,send,receive

Now try reconnecting again from the second server:

multichaind chain1 -daemon

3. Some commands in interactive mode

Before we proceed, let’s enter interactive mode so we can issue commands without typing multichain-cli chain1 every time. On both servers:

multichain-cli chain1

If you are using Windows, interactive mode is not yet available, so all commands in this guide should be preceded by multichain-cli chain1. You will also need to open another DOS command line in the directory where you installed the MultiChain executables.

Now that the blockchain is working on two nodes, you can run the commands in this section on either or both. To get general information:

getinfo

See a list of all available commands:

help

Show all permissions currently assigned:

listpermissions

Create a new address in the wallet:

getnewaddress

List all addresses in the wallet:

getaddresses

Get the parameters of this blockchain (based on params.dat file):

getblockchainparams

For each node, get a list of connected peers:

getpeerinfo

4. Streams

Now let’s create a stream, which can be used for general data storage and retrieval. On the first server:

create stream stream1 false

The false means the stream can only be written to by those with explicit permissions. Let’s see its permissions:

listpermissions stream1.*

So for now, only the first server has the ability to write to the stream, as well as administrate it. Let’s publish something to it, with key key1:

publish stream1 key1 73747265616d20646174358

The txid of the stream item is returned. Now let’s see that the stream is visible on another node. On the second server:

liststreams

(The root stream was in the blockchain by default.) Now we want the second server to subscribe to the stream, then view its contents:

subscribe stream1
liststreamitems stream1

Now we want the second server to be allowed to publish to the stream. On the first server:

grant 15ZLxwAQU4XFrLVs2hwQz1NXW9DmudRMcyx2ZV send
grant 15ZLxwAQU4XFrLVs2hwQz1NXW9DmudRMcyx2ZV stream1.write

Note that the address needs both general send permissions for the blockchain, as well as permission to write to this specific stream. Now let’s publish a couple of items on the second server:

publish stream1 key1 736f6d65206f746865722064617461
publish stream1 key2 53747265616d732052756c6521

Now let’s query the stream’s contents in many different ways. Back on the first server:

subscribe stream1
liststreamitems stream1 (should show 3 items)
liststreamkeys stream1 (2 keys)
liststreamkeyitems stream1 key1 (2 items with this key)
liststreampublishers stream1 (2 publishers)
liststreampublisheritems stream1 1... (2 items by this publisher)

Reference: https://www.multichain.com/getting-started/

Aj007 SmartContract (Aj007 coin)

Ethereum based Aj007 Smart Contract


pragma solidity 0.4.24;

contract admined{
	address public admin;

	constructor() public {
		admin = msg.sender;
	}
	
	modifier onlyAdmin() { 
		if(msg.sender != admin) revert();
		_;
	}

	function transferAdminship (address newAdmin) onlyAdmin public{
		admin = newAdmin;
	}
}

contract Aj007Base{

	mapping (address => uint256) public balanceOf;
	// allowing others to execute transactions on your behalf
	mapping (address => mapping ( address => uint256)) public allowance;
	
	// balanceOf[address] = 5;
	string public standard = "Aj007 v1.0";
	string public name;
	string public symbol;
	uint8 public decimal; // 1.23 Number of decimal
	uint256 public totalSupply;
	//indexed address passsed will be stored in log memory and not contract data
	event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 _value);

	constructor (uint256 initialSupply, string tokenName, string tokenSymbol, uint8 decimalUnits) public{
		balanceOf[msg.sender] = initialSupply;
		totalSupply = initialSupply;
		decimal = decimalUnits;
		name = tokenName;
		symbol = tokenSymbol;

	} 

	function transfer (address _to,uint256 _value) public{
		if(balanceOf[msg.sender] < _value) revert();
		//0-255 8 bit
		// 250,10 = 4 Buffer overflow
		if(balanceOf[_to] + _value < balanceOf [_to]) revert();
		// Any number of conditions can be added here
		balanceOf[msg.sender] -= _value;
		balanceOf[_to] += _value;
		// Can be used for debugging values of smart contract and also act as an event for other clients
		// Technically a logging method
		emit Transfer(msg.sender,_to,_value);
	}

	function approve (address _spender, uint256 _value) public returns(bool res){
		allowance[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
		return true;
	}
	
	function transferFrom (address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) public returns(bool res){
		if(balanceOf[_from] < _value) revert();
		if(balanceOf[_to] + _value < balanceOf[_to]) revert();
		if(_value > allowance[_from][msg.sender]) revert();

		balanceOf[_from] -= _value;
		balanceOf[_to] += _value;

		allowance[_from][msg.sender] -= _value;

		emit Transfer(_from,_to, _value);
		return true;
	}
	
}

contract Aj007 is admined, Aj007Base{

	uint256 public minimumBalanceForAccounts = 5 finney;
	uint256 public sellPrice;
	uint256 public buyPrice;
	mapping (address => bool) public frozenAccount;

	event FrozenFund(address target, bool frozenStatus);
	

	constructor (uint256 initialSupply, string tokenName, string tokenSymbol, uint8 decimalUnits, address centralAdmin) Aj007Base(0,tokenName,tokenSymbol,decimalUnits) public{
		totalSupply = initialSupply;
		if(centralAdmin != 0)
			admin = centralAdmin;
		else
			admin = msg.sender;
		balanceOf[admin]=initialSupply;
		totalSupply = initialSupply;	
	}

	function mintToken (address target, uint256 mintedAmount) onlyAdmin public returns(bool res) {
		balanceOf[target]+= mintedAmount;
		totalSupply += mintedAmount;
		// Notify the total amount is increased
		emit Transfer(0, this, mintedAmount);
		// Notify that the token is added to the given account
		emit Transfer(this, target, mintedAmount);
		return true;
	}

	function freezeAccount (address target, bool freeze) onlyAdmin public{
		frozenAccount[target] = freeze;
		emit FrozenFund(target, freeze);
	}
	
	function transfer (address _to,uint256 _value) public{
		if(msg.sender.balance < minimumBalanceForAccounts){
			//Ensures minimum balance is maintained in account. 
			//If ether amount goes to 0 the transaction cannot be processed further.
			sell((minimumBalanceForAccounts - msg.sender.balance)/sellPrice);
		}
		if(frozenAccount[msg.sender]) revert();
		if(balanceOf[msg.sender] < _value) revert();
		//0-255 8 bit
		// 250,10 = 4 Buffer overflow
		if(balanceOf[_to] + _value < balanceOf [_to]) revert();
		// Any number of conditions can be added here
		balanceOf[msg.sender] -= _value;
		balanceOf[_to] += _value;
		// Can be used for debugging values of smart contract and also act as an event for other clients
		// Technically a logging method
		emit Transfer(msg.sender,_to,_value);
	}

	// Ensure admin frozen accounts wont be able to transfer any coins anywhere
	function transferFrom (address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) public returns(bool res){
		if(frozenAccount[_from]) revert();
		if(balanceOf[_from] < _value) revert();
		if(balanceOf[_to] + _value < balanceOf[_to]) revert();
		if(_value > allowance[_from][msg.sender]) revert();

		balanceOf[_from] -= _value;
		balanceOf[_to] += _value;

		allowance[_from][msg.sender] -= _value;

		emit Transfer(_from,_to, _value);
		return true;
	}

	function setPrices (uint256 newSellPrice, uint256 newBuyPrice) onlyAdmin public returns(bool res){
		sellPrice = newSellPrice;
		buyPrice = newBuyPrice;
		return true;
	}
	
	//Sent Ether's contract gives the buyer tokens (For messageSender who wants to get the token)
	function buy () public payable{
		// convert to wei
		uint256 amount = (msg.value/(1 ether)) / buyPrice;
		// check if smart contract itself has those any coins to transfer
		if(balanceOf[this] < amount) revert();
		balanceOf[msg.sender] += amount;
		balanceOf[this] -= amount;
		emit Transfer(this, msg.sender, amount);
	}
	
	function sell (uint256 amount) public{
		
		// Check if the sender himself has those many tokens
		if (balanceOf[msg.sender] < amount) revert();
		balanceOf[this] += amount;
		// change coin balance of sender
		balanceOf[msg.sender] -= amount;
		if(!msg.sender.send(amount * sellPrice * 1 ether)){
			// revert() will revert all the changes which have been done above
			revert();
		}
		else{
			// Aj007 coin function to receive the coins back to the contract
			emit Transfer(msg.sender, this, amount);			
		}
	}
	
	// Function to have block rewards for mining
	function giveBlockreward () private {
		balanceOf[block.coinbase] += 1;
	}

	// Add the currentChallenge and set difficulty for the blockChain
	bytes32 public currentChallenge;
	uint public timeOfLastProof;
	uint public difficulty = 10**32;

	function proofOfWork (uint nonce) public{
		bytes32 n = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(nonce, currentChallenge));

		// revert() Exception as difficulty alsways has to be greater than the previous 
		if(n < bytes8(difficulty)) revert();

		uint timeSinceLastBlock = (now - timeOfLastProof);
		if(timeSinceLastBlock < 5 seconds) revert();

		// Reward given for every 1 minute here
		balanceOf[msg.sender] += timeSinceLastBlock / 60 seconds;

		//Ensures average mining time is 10 minutes
		difficulty = difficulty * 10 minutes / timeOfLastProof * 1;
		timeOfLastProof = now;

		currentChallenge = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(nonce, currentChallenge,blockhash(block.number-1)));
	}	
}