Linux or GNU/Linux is a free and open source software Unix-like operating system for computers. Linux is Free and open source software (FOSS). Free and open source software (FOSS) means that everyone has the freedom to use it, see how it works, change it or share it.
Ubuntu App can be installed in Windows from the windows store.
Different other linux flavours are also available for download here.
To access the file system of this ubuntu system from windows, the following path needs to be looked into:
%userprofile%\AppData\Local\Packages
The above directory can be accessed in windows file system location:
Java Web Start (also known as JavaWS, javaws or JAWS) is a framework developed by Sun Microsystems (now Oracle) that allows users to start application software for the Java Platform directly from the Internet using a web browser. Some key benefits of this technology include seamless version updating for globally distributed applications and greater control of memory allocation to the Java virtual machine.
Install the Iced Tea:
sudo apt-get install icedtea-netx icedtea-8-pluginTo run jnlp file, execute it by:
javaws /Directory/xyz.jnlpChange iced tea settings:
itweb-settingsjava.security.AccessControlException: access denied ("java.io.FilePermission" "/usr/bin/xprop" "execute")
https://dev.openecard.org/boards/2/topics/174
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Web_Start
https://askubuntu.com/questions/18792/how-can-i-view-or-start-java-web-start-applications
Check the driver which is being used for Nvidia card with the following command.
sudo lshw -c display
You can also use video instead of display.
sudo lshw -c video
By default, the open source nouveau driver is being used for Nvidia card.
Run the following command to list available driver for your Nvidia card from the default Ubuntu repository.
sudo ubuntu-drivers devices
install the recommended driver, run the following command.
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
If you want to install a particular driver, run the following command.
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-version-number
For example:
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-340
After the driver is installed, Reboot the computer to enable nvidia-prime, which is technology to switch between Intel and Nvidia graphics card.
sudo shutdown -r now
Now the proprietary Nvidia driver is being used.
sudo lshw -c display
Search what packages from nvidia you have installed.
dpkg -l | grep -i nvidia
Nvidia-common package has a dependency on ubunut-desktop.
To purge everything related to nvidia you can give this command
sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia-*
Above command will also remove the nvidia-common package and the nvidia-common package has as a dependency the ubuntu-desktop package.
So after above command you should also give the installation command for ubuntu-desktop package
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
Also sometimes the nouveau driver get blacklisted from nvidia driver. With purge command it should UN-blacklisted. If you want to be sure that nouveau will be load in boot, you can force-load it by add it to /etc/modules
echo 'nouveau' | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
Last , search for the xorg.conf file and remove it as well
sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf
In summary
sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia-*
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf
echo 'nouveau' | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
t is possible that the folder /var/lib/lightdm has not been created.
You could try: mkdir -p /var/lib/lightdm; chown -R lightdm:lightdm /var/lib/lightdm ; chmod 0750 /var/lib/lightdm with root permission if needed.
Reference:
https://www.linuxbabe.com/ubuntu/install-nvidia-driver-ubuntu-18-04
https://askubuntu.com/questions/692577/ubuntu-15-10-boot-hangs-when-starting-lightdm
https://askubuntu.com/questions/206283/how-can-i-uninstall-a-nvidia-driver-completely
Special device files
/dev/full
/dev/null
/dev/random
and /dev/urandom
/dev/zero
In some operating systems, the null device is a device file that discards all data written to it but reports that the write operation succeeded. This device is called /dev/null on Unix and Unix-like systems, NUL: or NUL on DOS and CP/M, nul on newer Windows systems (internally \Device\Null on Windows NT), NIL: on Amiga operating systems, and the NL: on OpenVMS. In Windows Powershell, the equivalent is $null. It provides no data to any process that reads from it, yielding EOF immediately. In IBM DOS/360, OS/360 (MFT, MVT), OS/390 and z/OS operating systems, such files would be assigned in JCL to DD DUMMY.
In programmer jargon, especially Unix jargon, it may also be called the bit bucket or black hole.
The null device is typically used for disposing of unwanted output streams of a process, or as a convenient empty file for input streams. This is usually done by redirection.
The /dev/null device is a special file, not a directory, so one cannot move a whole file or directory into it with the Unix mv command. The rm command is the proper way to delete files in Unix.
some command > /dev/null 2>&1STDIN is represented by 0, STDOUT by 1, and STDERR by 2.
/dev/null is the bit-bucket: the place where you dump anything you don’t need.
By default:
stdin ==> fd 0
stdout ==> fd 1
stderr ==> fd 2
In the script, you use > /dev/null causing:
stdin ==> fd 0
stdout ==> /dev/null
stderr ==> fd 2
And then 2>&1 causing:
stdin ==> fd 0
stdout ==> /dev/null
stderr ==> stdoutReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_device
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/119648/redirecting-to-dev-null
Unzip the tar.gz by using the compression/decompression program in your system.
The steps to make and build:
./configure
make
make install
//Remove package
Make unistallTo remove the package make install is used. Sometimes if the unistall step is not mentioned in the make file, the removal of the installed package would get difficult and can even lead to a broken system.
To prevent this, instead of installing the package using make install, we can use the checkinstall utility available in the ubuntu repo. It cretaed a .deb package for the program. This .deb package can be easily removed using any package manager like apt, synaptic, dpkg, aptitude.
sudo apt install checkinstall
sudo checkinstall
Example to remove package after installing it through checkinstall.
**********************************************************************
Done. The new package has been installed and saved to
/home/ajinkyawavare/Downloads/scid_vs_pc-4.19/scid-vs-pc_4.19-1_amd64.deb
You can remove it from your system anytime using:
dpkg -r scid-vs-pc
**********************************************************************To see Unity shortcuts press and hold the Super key. To customize shortcuts open System settings ( gnome-control-center ), go to keyboard and select Shortcuts tab. Explore all the categories to find what you’re interested in changing and click on it to change. Then press the keys for your new shortcut.
Super Key –> Depends upon the keyboard. (Normal Windows keyboard –> Windows Key is the Super Key )
Divide the application screen area into half and share it among two applications on screen:
Shortcut: Ctrl + Super Key + <- / -> key depending upon the are which you choose for the current window.
After updating ubuntu system, some of the repo’s are disabled by default.
In order to activate back these repo’s we can modify the sources.list file to activate all the disabled repo’s in one go.
The sources.list can be found in the following directory:
/etc/apt/sources.list
It needs sudo access. Uncomment all the repo’s you want to activate back.
Cheers!!
Ubuntu comes with both python versions 2.x and 3.x.
The default python version in ubuntu is 2.x
The python versions installed in ubuntu can be found using the below commands:
For both cases, to get out from Python shell, write:
exit()For installing python modules in python 2.x in ubuntu, use :
pipFor installing python modules in python 3.x in ubuntu, use:
pip3If package installation returns the following error:
python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/xyz moduleName/
Use the below command to get the things working:
pip install --upgrade setuptools --user python
Using the --user python flag will resolve the error in --upgrade flag .
If you are using python3:
pip3 install --upgrade setuptools --user python
Unlike Windows, Ubuntu has a snipping tool of it’s own.
It’s named as gnome-screenshot.
Have a look at Screenshot. You can find it in Ubuntu Software.
http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/gnome-screenshot
However, there’s also a shortcut key associated in Ubuntu for taking snippets.
Hold down the Shift + PrtScn keys together.
Your mouse will change to a cross-like pointer.
Hold down your left-click key on the mouse and drag.
This uses gnome-screenshot behind the scenes.
You can change the keyboard shortcut via the regular keyboard settings.